A global linguistic database : Query result

Number: 1041

Language: Rundi

Location: Burundi

Population: 3.7 million

Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone J: Rwanda-Rundi

Dictionary:

Bonneau, H. 1950. Dictionnaire français-kirundi, kirundi-français. Usumbura.
Rodegem, F. M. 1970. Dictionnaire rundi-français. Tervuren: Annales du Musée Royal de L'Afrique Centrale.
Cox, Elizabeth E. n.d. Dictionary Kirundi-English, English-Kirundi. Chicago: Irvin L. Young Foundation.

Grammar:

Meeussen, A. E. 1959. "Essai de grammaire rundi," Annales du Musée Royal du Congo Belge, Linguistique, vol 24, 9-15.
Rodegem, F. M. 1967. Précis de grammaire rundi. Brussels: E. Story-Scientia.

Other Sources: Bouquiaux, Luc. 1973. "Quelques réflexions sur le système phonologique du rundi," in Problèmes de phonologie, Paris, SELAF, 113-9.

Consonant system:

p t k
b d ɡ
p^f t^s č
f s š h
v z ž
m n ñ
r

Stops: p b t d k ɡ

Affricates: p^f t^s č

Fricatives: f v s z š ž h

Nasals: m n ñ

Vibrants: r

Modified Consonants:

^Nc p b t d k ɡ f v s z š š^j ž ž^j p^f t^s č č^j c^j t č v š ž m n r cʷ b t d k ɡ t^s č f s š h m n r ž

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Modified Vowels: vowel harmony

Tones: hi lo hi-fall ris-fall

Noun Number: s p

Noun Classes: 10

Demonstratives: 3 + ref

Pronouns:

1 4d 4
2 5d 5
3 6d 6
3, 6d & 6 vary with noun class

Syntax: SVO NA NG DN N-NUM N-POSS

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 1047

Language: Chokwe

Alternate Name: Guioca

Location: Democratic Republic of Congo

Population: 1 million

Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone K: Chokwe-Luchazi

Grammar: Santos, Eduardo dos. 1962. Elementos de Gramática Guioca. Lisbon: Agência Geral do Ultramar.

Other Sources: Martins, João Vicente. 1951. Subsı́dios Etnográficos para a História dos Povos de Angola. Lisbon: Agência Geral do Ultramar.

Consonant system:

   p t k
b d ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
f s š h
v z ž
m n ñ
    l
    ɾ

Stops: p b t d k ɡ

Affricates: č ɡ̌

Fricatives: f v s z š ž h

Nasals: m n ñ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: ɾ

Modified Consonants: ^Nc b d ɡ v z ž

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Stress: penult

Noun Number: s p

Noun Classes: 12 (rational beings, trees, abstract nouns, verbs used as nouns)

Demonstratives: 3

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 1048

Language: Luimbi

Location: Angola

Population: 500

Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone K: Chokwe-Luchazi

Dictionary: Baião, Domingos Vieira. 1939. Dicionário Ganguela-Portugês. Lisbon: Centro de Estudos Filológicos.

Grammar: Baião, Domingos Vieira. 1938. Elementos de Gramática Ganguela. Lisbon: Centro de Estudos Filológicos.

Consonant system:

   p t k
^mb ⁿd ^ŋɡ
    t^s č
ⁿd^z ^ñɡ̌
(θ) s h
v z
m n ñ
    l

Stops: p ^mb t ⁿd k ^ŋɡ

Affricates: t^s ⁿd^z č ^ñɡ̌

Fricatives: v (θ) s z h

Nasals: m n ñ

Laterals: l

Modified Consonants: ^Nc p b t d k ɡ t^s d^z ɡ̌

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u ɔ

Modified Vowels: vowel harmony

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 3

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 1050

Language: Lwena

Alternate Name: Luvale

Location: E Angola (Moxico)

Population: 90,000

Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone K: Chokwe-Luchazi

Dictionary: Horton, A. E. 1953. A Dictionary of Luvale. El Monte, CA: Rahn Brothers Printing.

Grammar:

Horton, A. E. 1949. A Grammar of Luvale. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand Univ Press.
White, C. M. N. 1949. A Short Lwena Grammar. London: Longmans.

Consonant system:

   p t̪ k
^mb ⁿd̪ ^ŋɡ
    č
^ñɡ̌
f s̪ š h
v z̪ ž
m n̪ ñ ŋ
    ľ̪

Stops: p ^mb t̪ ⁿd̪ k ^ŋɡ

Affricates: č ^ñɡ̌

Fricatives: f v s̪ z̪ š ž h

Nasals: m n̪ ñ ŋ

Laterals: ľ̪

Modified Consonants:

c^j p v h m l
cʷ p ^mb t ⁿd k ^ŋɡ f v s h m n ñ l

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Modified Vowels: vowel harmony

Syllable: (C)(G)V

Tones: hi hi-mid lo-mid lo

Stress: penult

Noun Number: s p

Noun Classes: 10 (persons, trees, liquids, body parts, inanimate)

Demonstratives: 4 (3 + this here)

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6
3 & 6 vary with noun class

Syntax: SVO NA NG ND/DN N-NUM N-POSS N+A+Num

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 1059

Language: Luyi

Alternate Name: Luyana

Location: SW Zambia (Western)

Population: 50,000

Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone K: Kwangwa

Grammar:

Jacottet, E. 1896. Études sur les langues du Haut-Zambèze. Paris: Ernest Leroux.
Givón, Talmy. 1970. The Si-Luyana Language. Lusaka, Zambia: Insitute for Social Research, Univ of Zambia.

Consonant system:

   p t̪ k
^mb ⁿd̪ ^ŋɡ
    č
    (^ñɡ̌)
f s̪
β
m n̪ ñ ŋ
    l̪

Stops: p ^mb t̪ ⁿd̪ k ^ŋɡ

Affricates: č (^ñɡ̌)

Fricatives: β f s̪

Nasals: m n̪ ñ ŋ

Laterals: l̪

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Modified Vowels: vowel harmony

Syllable: (C)(G)V

Stress: penult

Noun Number: s p

Noun Classes: 9 (6 pl)

Demonstratives: 4 (3 + close to both speaker & hearer)

Syntax: SVO NA NG ND/DN N-NUM N-POSS

Prep/Post: PREP

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